Like most academics these days, I am very concerned about students misusing large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and ClaudeAI when they write papers for me. I don't teach very often in my current position, but I do supervise masters theses. And there have been a number over the past few years that I suspected were written, in whole or...
[Subinoy Mustofi Eron is Design Director at Netra News and a co-founder of Activate Rights, a Bangladesh-based digital rights collective. Georgia Edwards is Visual Investigations Training & Partnerships Manager at WITNESS. Dean Issacharoff is the creator of VSIN, an AI powered visual investigations platform.] Introduction In July 2024, hundreds of thousands of Bangladeshis took to the streets in an uprising against Sheikh Hasina’s government....
[Netta Goussac is Associate Senior Researcher at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) and Special Counsel at Lexbridge.] Editorial Note: This post forms the third of three posts of the Opinio Juris mini-symposium on the upcoming meeting of the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems within the auspices of the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. A version...
[Ambassador Alexander Kmentt is an Austrian career diplomat, currently serving as Permanent Representative of Austria to the United Nations Office and to the Specialized Institutions in Geneva. He has worked extensively on disarmament and non-proliferation issues and is one of the architects of the initiative on the humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons and the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons...
[Hassan Khoder, LL.M., is a PhD candidate in Law at the University of Cologne in Germany specialising in autonomous cyber weapons and international humanitarian law. His working papers are available on SSRN.] The Vote That Has Not Been Adequately Analysed On 1 December 2025, the United Nations General Assembly adopted Resolution 80/57 on lethal autonomous weapons systems by 164 votes in favour...
[Rain Liivoja is a Professor at the University of Queensland Law School and a Director of the Asia-Pacific Institute for Law and Security.]Editorial Note: This post forms the first of three posts of the Opinio Juris mini-symposium on the upcoming meeting of the Group of Governmental Experts on Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems within the auspices of the Convention on Certain...
[Lara Manbeck is an Associate Legal Officer at the International Court of Justice. She holds a JD from Columbia Law School, an MPhil from the University of Cambridge, and a BA from New York University. Abhijeet Shrivastava is a public international lawyer and holds an LLM from the University of Cambridge and a BA, LLB (Hons) from OP Jindal Global University.] Introduction The...
[Kenaw Akililu is currently a MAS candidate in the Master of Advanced Studies in Transitional Justice, Human Rights and Rule of Law at the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights, and a former law lecturer at Bahir Dar University] Introduction Cyber operations and targeting of cyber infrastructure, including data centres, are increasingly employed during armed conflict and can cause...
[Amin Motamedi is an Arbitrator at the Iranian Chamber of Commerce (ACIC), a university lecturer, and holds a PhD in international law] Artificial intelligence (AI) has increasingly been employed in a wide range of professional contexts, including legal analysis and dispute resolution. Practitioners have relied on AI tools to address legal questions, conduct analytical assessments, and, in certain instances, assist in...
[Sarah Shoker is a Senior Non-Resident Fellow in artificial intelligence at U.C. Berkeley Risk and Security Lab and former Geopolitics Team Lead at OpenAI. Jessica Dorsey is an Assistant Professor of International Law at Utrecht University School of Law and Managing Editor of Opinio Juris.] What began as a quiet contract dispute between the U.S. Department of Defense and the AI...
[Taylor Kate Woodcock is a researcher in public international law at the T.M.C. Asser Instituut and Jessica Dorsey is an Assistant Professor of International Law at Utrecht University School of Law and Managing Editor of Opinio Juris.] Four and a half months have passed since the Minab school bombing by United States forces in Iran on 28 February 2026, killing at least 157 people – including 120...
[Jessica Dorsey is an Assistant Professor of International Law at Utrecht University School of Law; Zena Assaad is an Associate Professor at the School of Engineering, Australian National University; Elke Schwarz is a Professor of Political Theory at Queen Mary University London; Ingvild Bode is a Professor of International Relations, University of Southern Denmark. The authors are all members of the Independent Advisory Board on Legal Reviews...