Search: self-defense

Aggression refers to cases of the “substantial involvement” of a state in the acts of non-state actors, thereby permitting the use of force in self-defense against that state. The question of what forms of state support of non-state actors satisfy the “substantial involvement” threshold is a controversial question in jus ad bellum. In the Nicaragua Case (para. 195), the ICJ declared that “assistance to rebels in the form of the provision of weapons or logistical or other support” does not constitute an armed attack that permits the exercise of self-defense....

must be permitted time to find him and then time to try to obtain consent of the govt. of Libya even though that is not required with respect to lawful measures of self-defense. E.g., 19 J. Transnat'l L. & Pol'y 237 (2010), http://ssrn.com/abstract=1520717 Self-defense with respect to al-Shabab is certainly clearly permissible. Moreover, these efforts at self-defense capture may have been with the consent of the govt. of Libya (which it has reason domestically to not disclose --- but may come up at trial) and Somalia. Self-defense captures are recognizably...

approval of the U.N. Security Council, in self-defense, or with the permission of the country in which military force is to be used. The U.N. Security Council never authorized the drone war in Pakistan. Self-defense, traditionally defined to mean the use of force against an “imminent” armed attack by a nation-state, does not apply either, because no one thinks that Pakistan plans to invade the United States. That leaves consent as the only possible legal theory. In other cases, including current drone operations in Pakistan, the United States has invoked...

Jordan Response... Also, I find this interesting: in unresolved Q 1 Harold states that the U.S. view has long been that there is a right of self-defense against "any illegal use of force" but, "on the other hand, ... some governments and commentators" do not and that they view "armed attack" as triggering the right of self-defense [I have to include myself among such commentators, but I note that "armed" can include use of a "weapon," such as a cyber-"weapon", gas, chemical weapons, etc., at least if they have a...

...Self-defense is a justification, that is legally-warranted exception to a general prohibition. As such, it is a way out of illegality. The rules of engagement are authorization to use force in circumstances other than self-defense, issued by the military. ROE do not influence the right to self-defense, which is regulated by a different set of rules. During an attack or when an attack is imminent, ROE do not apply. They apply in case of hostile intent or a hostile act, which are situations other than attack. federico In a non-international...

...as “self-defense” does not provide a CIA interrogator — contra Yoo’s notorious 14 March 2003 torture memo — with a defense to torture. To be clear, that does not mean a CIA operative could not argue self-defense in a murder prosecution. The defense would apply — but it would be governed by the normal requirements, most relevantly that the operative must have reasonably believed that lethal force was necessary to prevent the imminent use of deadly force. The CIA operative would thus likely be entitled to the defense of self-defense...

...et de Duello was one of the first attempts to establish international rules for warfare. Legnano’s treatise closely examined the individual right of self-defense as the basis of establishing a derivative right of a nation to engage in war. Legnano believed that, “self-defense proceeds from natural law, and not from positive law, civil or canon.” Self-defense was not an artificial construct of positive law, but instead was an inherent instinct. Legnano did not confine the natural right to merely protecting one’s life. He explained that self-defense was proper not only...

...as to its justification.” The 1986 Nicaragua judgment by the ICJ similarly rejected the US’s interpretation of self-defense, constructing a high threshold for an armed attack and ruling that a third-party state could not unilaterally decide to act in collective self-defense without a request by the affected state. Many states have attempted to hold the line by openly contesting the US’s expansive interpretation of self-defense and declaring US intervention unlawful. Other states, however, have adopted anti-formalist modes of interpretation to justify their own conduct.  As regards Operation Epic Fury, over...

...that even. If a state cannot or will not control its territory to prevent it from being used as safe haven for terrorists or terrorist groups, then even the important international legal rule of territorial sovereignty can be overcome by an affirmative defense of self-defense; that use of force might be in the form of armed conflict, but it might be something that does not rise to that level of hostilities and thus constitute an act of self-defense use of force simpliciter. That use of force is justified under jus...

claimed that there was a very strict limitation on particular methods of responsive force as opposed to when the right of self-defense pertains. No one disagreed that non-state actor armed attacks trigger the right to engage in certain measures of self-defense and that armed attacks had already occurred, but the U.S. claimed that use of a particular means of self-defense when the right of self-defense had been triggered should only be permissible when the “‘necessity of that self-defense is instant, overwhelming, and leaving no choice of means, and no moment...

...the United States, but it is not at all "obvious" from an international legal perspective. Benjamin G. Davis I am looking forward to Ashley Deeks paper. From what I have seen the "unable/unwilling test" is not a legal rule but a rationalization. Agree with Jordan that the legal rule is the right of self-defense. Differ in that such action by another state in the host state may also trigger the right of self-defense of the host state. Did Pakistan have the right to respond on the basis of self-defense to...

the legal issue will be whether the right of national self-defence applies. Equally, Article 31(c) of the ICC Statute and ICTY jurisprudence have approached the question of unit-level action from the perspective of personal self-defence, as a ground excluding criminal liability. The ICTY stated that the “notion of self-defence may be broadly defined as providing a defence to a person who acts to defend or protect himself or his property (or another person or person’s property) against attack” and applied that definition to questions regarding the legality of forceful action...