...to designate—and to lift—hostility for other states, regimes, and groups. It defines “operational action” and “information activity” by capability to endanger national security, ranging from killing and destruction to creating public fear and disrupting communications networks, information systems, and critical infrastructure. It then extends culpability well beyond classic intelligence-gathering: “assistance” can be framed across security, military, economic, financial, and technological domains, while the heaviest exposure attaches to weaponised toolsets—arms,
drones, cyber disruption, and sabotage-adjacent conduct—once intent is characterised as cooperation with hostile actors. The law also pulls media circulation and...