not apply. The first is that, if a
l-Awlaki were killed on the battlefield — i.e., during an armed conflict — US criminal
law, including 18 USC 1119, would be displaced by international humanitarian
law (IHL). That might be the case, for example, if an American CIA operative killed a
l-Awlaki in Afghanistan, which qualifies as an international armed conflict. Even in such a situation, however, IHL would protect a CIA operative only if he qualified as a
lawful combatant. If he qualified as a
lawful combatant, he would possess a combatant’s...