Search: Symposium on the Functional Approach to the Law of Occupation

[Dr. Giuliana Rotola is a space law and policy specialist whose work spans sustainability, governance, Indigenous methodologies, and post-colonial approaches to space norms. She is fellowship coordinator at the Palestine Space Institute.] Earth Observation as Witness to Systematic Destruction International law defines genocide as acts committed with the intent to destroy a protected group. Amnesty International’s December 2024 report argues that Israel’s offensive on Gaza includes such prohibited acts, like mass killings, severe harm, and life-destroying conditions, showing a clear intent to destroy Palestinians. Framed by longstanding dispossession, apartheid, and...

and the Air Transport Association of America and Others v Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change, (Case C-366/10, 2011, paras 101-111) the European Union is bound by international law, including customary international law. However, to consider customary international law as a benchmark against which the lawfulness of EU acts can be reviewed, the rule should be binding on the European Union, with its content sufficiently precise. Nonetheless, in this case, the Court fails to apply international law since it does not seem to understand the distinction between the...

role of recognition in the law and practice of session” in Marcelo G. Kohen (ed.), Secession: International Law Perspectives (Cambridge University Press, 2006), p. 136. Israel is not Palestine’s parent state. However, an argument could be made that Palestine’s title to the territories occupied since 4 June 1967 compensates for the lack of effective governmental power over all its territories (such as Area C) given that the lack of such control is the result of unlawful conduct by Israel. For five decades, the Government of Israel has persistently refused to...

It functions to preserve asymmetry allowing powerful States to manage legality while weaker States remain subject to it. The long-claimed universality of international law has often been uneven its operation. For many post-colonial States, the law is encountered less as a shield than as a mechanism of regulation. As TWAIL scholars have argued, international law emerged historically alongside imperial governance, structuring hierarchies of authority while maintaining the rhetoric of equality. According to the analysis of Anthony Anghie, while international law maintaining formal equality, it demonstrated historical differentiation between ‘civilized’ and...

...in its own internal arrangements, is entitled to the protection under international law of its territorial integrity. In other words, international law guarantees to every state its “territorial integrity” and it can’t be overridden by “self determination” unless serious freedoms or discrimination against residents in the seceding region are being infringed. Moreover, this right has generally only been exercised by states under colonization or foreign occupation. The right might also exist if the state is facing the threat of egregious human rights violations (e.g. Kosovo), but the right in even...

...Vietnam: They must see Americans as strange liberators. The Vietnamese people proclaimed their own independence in 1945 after a combined French and Japanese occupation, and before the Communist revolution in China. They were led by Ho Chi Minh. Even though they quoted the American Declaration of Independence in their own document of freedom, we refused to recognize them. Instead, we decided to support France in its reconquest of her former colony. Our government felt then that the Vietnamese people were not “ready” for independence, and we again fell victim to...

...returned some, but not all, of the objects in 1957…. The estate claims that under the applicable laws of the Soviet Union … cultural property taken by Russian troops during the occupation of Berlin after World War II was lawfully transferred from one sovereign to another and that this taking of the gold tablet by Russian troops extinguished the rights of the museum pursuant to international law. Thus, a party subsequently acquiring the tablet could obtain good title and transfer good title to others. The museum maintains, however, that the...

has limits under contemporary international law. As Adil Haque puts it “Under the law of self-defense, even a legitimate aim must be set aside if it is outweighed by the harmful effects of the force necessary to achieve it.” As is well known to readers of this blog-site there are attempts to infuse the law of self-defence with old ideas from the law of neutrality. The suggestion is that, where a state is unwilling or unable to deal with threats emanating from its territory, the law of self-defence would allow...

Mihai Martoiu Ticu == But should the Court have accepted a request that so clearly sought to use a court of law, whose legitimacy depends on it being perceived to offer neutral advice, for the political purposes of some states to engage in what we now call "law-fare"?== Is that not what happens in all lawsuits? If I believe that Johny has stolen my wallet and I ask a judge to give me my wallet back, I use a court of law, whose legitimacy depends on it being perceived to...

...adviser wrote in 2002 about why it is important to follow the path of international law, law that the U.S. itself had created over decades of practice: *It has high costs in terms of negative international reaction, with immediate adverse consequences for the conduct of our foreign policy.*It will undermine public support among critical allies, making military cooperation more difficult to sustain.*Europeans and others will likely have legal problems with extradition and other forms of cooperation in law enforcement, including brining terrorists to justice.*It may provoke some individual foreign prosecutors...

The letter of 4 March 2022 does not provide a legal justification for condemning the Russian Federation, nor the decision to exclude Russia from its participation in the Developed Countries Coordinating Group. WTO PANELS HAVE RESISTED CHARACTERIZING LEGAL EVENTS AS VIOLATIONS OF INTERNATIONAL LAW The 2019 Russia-Ukraine trade dispute, Russia-Measures Concerning Traffic in Transit dispute (the DS512 dispute) was the first dispute to formally analyse the invocation of Article XXI. Yet, this report offers more than an analytical framework for approaching the trading rule/security exception dichotomy. Less discussed than the...

”Mr. Khalil, if you are going to leave the room, it will harm your client. The court will be obliged to appoint lawyers from the defense bureau.” Saddam: ”The court is allowing the witness to speak, but it does not allow the defense lawyers to defend. Is this the justice?” Judge: ”You will be heard.” Al-Dulaimi: ”We will not stop until we receive the full answer to the question we are concerned with.” Judge: ”We will give you enough time, regarding the refutation of the legitimacy of this court. This...