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[Méryl Schwitzguébel, CFE, is a project officer at DCAF - Geneva Centre for Security Sector Governance. Dr Ilia Siatitsa is currently programme director and senior legal officer at Privacy International.] Recently, surveillance technologies have captivated the public’s attention. From targeted attacks with spyware, like Pegasus or earlier FinFisher, to massive data scandals like Cambridge Analytica, these new technologies raise serious concerns for privacy, human...

[Dr Jelena Aparac is a senior academic and consultant, and former chair and member of the UN Working Group on the Use of Mercenaries] Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) have significantly expanded their operations, sectors of activity, and client base over the past decades. They operate not only in armed conflict zones but also in areas of peace, across diverse industries such as extractive sectors,...

[Manon Blancafort is a project assistant at the Small Arms Survey and previously served for three years as an operational reservist in the French Air and Space Forces, within a Protection Squadron. Callum Watson is the gender coordinator and programme manager at the Small Arms Survey. Florence Foster is a senior project manager at the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights. Jowita...

[Andres Macías-Tolosa is a professor and researcher at Universidad Externado de Colombia, coordinator of the OPERA Research Group and editor of the OPERA Journal.   Joana de Deus Pereira is a senior research fellow at RUSI Europe, co-founder of the Private Military and Security Companies (PMSC) Research Group at King's College London, adjunct professor at Sciences Po, Paris, and visiting senior fellow...

[Gabriella Citroni is an adjunct professor of international human rights law at the University of Milano-Bicocca and senior legal advisor atTRIAL International. Chiara Gabriele is head of program for the Accountability for Private Military and Security Actors Program at TRIAL International. Danaé van der Straten Ponthoz is head of international advocacy and policy at Global Survivors Fund. Julie Bardèche is a senior legal advisor...

We are delighted to announce exciting developments on the editorial side of Opinio Juris that will strengthen our operations and further support our mission to serve as a leading forum for discussion on international law and international relations. First, we are thrilled to welcome four outstanding new Assistant Editors for Review. These talented individuals bring rich and diverse experiences in international law and will play a...

[The Legal Opinion Expert Group: Ademuni Odeke is a professor of international maritime law and policy and special advisor to the National Centre for the Sea and Maritime Law, at the Department of Maritime Law, University of Ankara (Türkiye). Alice Ollino is an assistant professor in international law and ricercatore at the University of Milano-Bicocca (Italy). Andrea Caligiuri is an associate professor of...

On June 25, the Secretary General of the Council of Europe (CoE) and the President of Ukraine signed an agreement to create a Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression Against Ukraine (STCoA). The tribunal, which will be based on Ukraine's territorial jurisdiction but will have a number of international elements -- and is thus properly categorised as a hybrid...

[Jacob Bogart (X: @BogartJacob) is Counsel at Perseus Strategies, a 2025 Salzburg Global International Law Fellow and graduate of Columbia Law School] This post is the second part in a three-part series on the EU's Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). Part I dissects the Omnibus and other reform proposals. Part II maps the reactions to and legal implications of these...

[Jacob Bogart (X: @BogartJacob) is Counsel at Perseus Strategies, a 2025 Salzburg Global International Law Fellow and graduate of Columbia Law School] This post is the second part in a three-part series on the EU's Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). Part I dissects the Omnibus and other reform proposals. Part II maps the reactions to and legal implications of these...

[Jacob Bogart (X: @BogartJacob) is Counsel at Perseus Strategies, a 2025 Salzburg Global International Law Fellow and graduate of Columbia Law School] This post is the first part in a three-part series on the EU's Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD). Part I dissects the Omnibus and other reform proposals. Part II maps the reactions to and legal implications of these...

[Anna-Christina Schmidl is a legal advisor and Eitan Diamond is a manager and senior legal expert, both in the Israel & Palestine team with the IHL Centre] Introduction The smashed city stretched to the frozen river. International law prohibited the targeting of medical facilities, which explained why, in a city where eighty percent of freestanding structures had been flattened, the hospital still...