Search: Symposium on the Functional Approach to the Law of Occupation

As many of our readers might have guessed, I generally agree with the approach and conclusions of the Posner/Vermeule book so I have little to add in criticism. Let me jump in therefore to explain why I think their approach is not just correct, but, perhaps more importantly, why their analysis is helpful for advancing the debate over balancing national security and individual rights. Typically, a conversation about security and individual liberty, at least in the United States, gets bogged down in two kinds of predictable debates. First, lawyers in...

[ Fabián Raimondo is an Associate Professor of Public International Law at the Faculty of Law of Maastricht University. He has been a member of the Bar of the City of La Plata (Argentina) since 1990 and on the List of Counsel of the International Criminal Court since 2005. He has acted as counsel and advocate for Sudan in three advisory proceedings before the International Court of Justice. Alexandre Skander Galand is an Assistant Professor of International Law at Maastricht University. He has participated in the International Court of Justice...

[ Sabrina Rewald is a lawyer and independent legal consultant specialising in criminal justice, human rights, and technology, and a co-founder of Fénix Foundation. Basile Simon is the director of the law program at the Starling Lab for Data Integrity, and a fellow at Stanford University. Emma Irving is an independent legal consultant specialising in standards for digital evidence, and a co-founder of Fénix Foundation. Kate Keator supports nonprofits with data strategy, operations, and emerging technologies at the intersection of peace and social impact. She is also a co-founder of Fénix...

his behalf,” has the administration inadvertently (or intentionally) invoked the Confrontation Clause of the Sixth Amendment, thereby potentially gutting the relaxed rules on the admission of hearsay available to both sides in military commissions? … I believe that this will result in substantial pretrial, trial, and appellate litigation. The idea that Article 75(4)(g) prohibits hearsay is incorrect. Although the provision bears a superficial resemblance to the Sixth Amendment, it was in fact carefully drafted to accommodate both the common law and civil law approaches to evidence. Here is the ICRC’s...

...BIT (“loans, claims to money or to any performance under contract having a financial value”), because there was inter alia no claim to money, no contractual privity or contractual relationship between Poštová and Greece that could arise out of the bond issuance or trading process. (paras 338-349) By adopting a rigorous approach to treaty interpretation that focuses on the terms in their context and in light of the BIT’s object and purpose in order to give an effective meaning, the award therefore has wider significance in demonstrating that not every...

Michael Gibbs Wessells, Professor Seggane Moses Musisi) and emphasized  by the LRVs. This acknowledgment extends to individuals who, while not direct victims of the crimes, are offspring of the direct victims and may suffer transgenerational harm. This progressive stance underscores the relevance of the Ongwen case and sets a significant precedent for reparations eligibility. However, the Chamber ought to have taken a more proactive approach and deliberately considered individualised reparations for specific categories of victims consistent with the victims’ views. This approach would align with the goal of addressing the...

Chamber chose to approach this from an international law perspective, linking this with the principle of non-intervention, which, it recalls, is a customary law rule established by the ICJ in the Nicaragua case. The Judges consider that “while these provisions of customary law govern conduct between States, the Trial Chamber considers that the violation of this principle by a Head of State individually engaging in criminal conduct can be taken into account as an aggravating factor” (§27). This is the first time I see this in a judgment of an...

that, after all, the warnings of political scientist Karl Deutsch may have been right: “Power means not having to listen!”. The importance of the relationship between language and international law cannot be overstated, not least because of the discipline’s universalistic pretence. The choice of language significantly determines the way in which international law is made, interpreted, and applied, what knowledge is produced by scholars, and the participants of the conversation. As Anthea Roberts accounts for in her ground-breaking book Is International Law International?, international law has not remained alien from...

...as victims were forced into a conjugal association not of a predominantly sexual nature (paras 187-196). The Appeals Chamber did not, however, exclude that in different circumstances, forced relationships may give rise to sexual slavery. The ICC has adopted this flexible approach: In Katanga and Ngudjolo, the Pre-Trial Chamber held that “sexual slavery also encompasses situations where women and girls are forced into ‘marriage’, domestic servitude or other forced labour involving compulsory sexual activity, including rape, by their captors” (para 431). The Pre-Trial Chamber in Ongwen considered that forced marriage...

in complex environmental cases. Aligning with Environmental Law? However, by far the most difficult issue is how to align the crime of ecocide with environmental law. The difficulties are not immediately obvious, so this will be my main contribution in these two posts. The challenge is comparable to “squaring the circle”: marrying the requirements of criminal law (precision, foreseeability) with environmental law (which involves balancing of different interests and principles). This challenge is the source of most of the controversy around ecocide, as I will explain in the next post....

or even any other form of congressional authorization before engaging in major military hostilities. This week, he has posted an article that does not back away from his previous positions, but which does suggest a different approach. Given the transformation of warfare and the different nature of the war against terrorism, he argues against constitutionalizing war powers law into a rigid “Congress-must-authorize-first” rule. Rather, he suggests that the political process might work out the best approach. I don’t know if I agree with his approach, but I do think he...

[Ruti Teitel is the Ernst C Stiefel Professor of Comparative Law, New York Law School and the author of Globalizing Transitional Justice (OUP paper2015).] I am very pleased to participate in this Opinio Juris roundtable on my just-published article Transitional Justice and Judicial Activism: A Right to Accountability? (.pdf), and particularly to engage with Dinah PoKempner, Professors Cesare Romano, Chandra Sriram and others who have offered such thoughtful and probing observations on my article. The article grows out of a multi-year ongoing project that examines on the jurisprudence pertaining to...