brought power and prosperity. The state was fully aware, or should have been aware, of the scale, frequency, and predictability of the violence (paras 188-188). Yet, Tanzania relied on a narrow defense, arguing that the existence of the general penal
laws prohibiting murder and trafficking, together with occasional prosecutions, demonstrated compliance with its obligation under the ACHPR (paras 164-166). Tanzania’s response shows the limit of a purely procedural understanding of due diligence, which does not translate into meaningful protection. The AfCHPR, recognising this, rejected Tanzania’s reliance on a formalistic
approach...