Search: Symposium on the Functional Approach to the Law of Occupation

coalition, led by HTS, seized control of the government, there have been legitimate concerns that minorities may be at risk of violence, persecution, and repression, in particular the Alawi minority, which is closely tied to the Assad regime. While HTS has sent encouraging signals to the world, such as recognizing Christians as equal citizens and protecting the Aleppo Museum and key historical monuments, the recent scale of violence in coastal regions primarily inhabited by Alawites has reignited concerns about sectarianism. A Reuters investigation published in late June concluded that nearly...

the most legitimate measures to against a recalcitrant state, and presents an opportunity to strengthen the effectiveness of the sanctions regime as a matter of law. Considering the politics within the Security Council, however, this approach might be the most difficult measure to implement, as the acquiescence of all five permanent Members are required. Russia and China have protected North Korea in the past and likely will not approve such an approach. Moreover, Russia and China already have weakened presidential statements in this regard. A second approach is to conduct...

[Manal Totry-Jubran is an Assistant Professor of Law at Bar Ilan University.] Transitional Justice opened a new window of opportunity to better understand the scope of concepts such as “Political Transition,” “Justice,” “Law,” and ”Liberal Democracies,” and how these interconnect in times of political change. In it, Teitel revealed the constructive and extraordinary role that the law and legal responses play in times of political transition. Suggesting an alternative approach to the relationship between law and political transformation (p. 4), she provided a normative account on the role that the...

of the Draft Conclusions. Or perhaps the Court felt that the circumstances of the case required a more flexible approach than the methodology prescribed in the Draft Conclusions? At this point, it is important to briefly discuss the reaction of States to the Draft Conclusions and how it squares with the Court’s methodology. Several delegations in the discussions held in the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly reiterated the two-element approach to ascertaining customary international law. They called for a rigorous methodology to ascertain customary international law so that it...

[Jeffrey L. Dunoff is the Laura H. Carnell Professor of Law at Temple University Beasley School of Law and Mark A. Pollack is professor of Political Science and Jean Monnet Chair ad personam at Temple University] One of the most difficult choices in our book, and one of the most contentious discussions at two book workshops, was about how to approach the question of “theory.” Our approach was to identify four research traditions in IR that had been invoked productively by IL/IR scholars – namely, realism, institutionalism, liberalism, and constructivism...

Levit put it, “International law is not always a matter of deliberate, reflective choice.” Levit recommended shifting the gaze of international law away from high-level diplomacy in order to take account of the unofficial practices and behaviors of epistemic communities that affect the lawmaking process. While Levit recognized the democratic legitimacy challenges presented by this “bottom up” approach and admitted that this is not necessarily the preferable or desirable approach, she emphasized the approach’s value in revealing the mythological quality of many traditional international law stories. She also saw value...

the need to reconsider human rights jurisdiction. Could the jurisdictional barrier be overcome? To explore this, the jurisprudence of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (“IACtHR”) is significant. The following section will clarify the notion of jurisdiction under international human rights and examine the IACtHR’s progressive approach. Jurisdiction in Human Rights Context and Inter-American Court’s Approach In international human rights law, jurisdiction denotes the scope of a state’s obligations toward individuals, and not merely its sovereign authority. Although primarily territorial under ECHR Article 1 (M.N. and Others v. Belgium para....

… by promoting a culture of accountability that can help increase stability and thus decrease the need for far more costly military interventions in the future. Remaining engaged with the Court is an example of what Harold Hongju Koh and others call a “smart power” approach: not to shut ourselves off to those with whom we disagree, but to engage and work for mutually beneficial improvements that advance U.S. interests, including our interest in justice and the rule of law. The Trump Administration would do well to heed this call....

[ Lisa Davis is a professor of law at CUNY Law School, and the ICC special adviser on Gender and Other Discriminatory Crimes. Kirby Anwar is Visiting Associate Professor of Law at the Human Rights and Gender Justice Clinic, CUNY School of Law. Wendy Isaack is Senior Legal Fellow at MADRE. Huma Saeed is Senior Transitional Justice Fellow at Human Rights and Gender Justice Clinic, CUNY School of Law and Afghanistan Advisor at MADRE.] As governments prepare submissions to the UN Secretary-General on the draft crimes against humanity (CAH) treaty,...

subject of rights, national initiatives, such as the National Policy on Climate Change (PNMC), continue to follow a human-centered approach focused on mitigation and adaptation. Similarly, Argentina reinforces protection through the General Environmental Law (Law 25.675), which promotes intergenerational equity for the benefit of future people, and the country’s ratification of the Escazú Agreement, which remains centered on procedural rights, such as access to information and public participation, specifically for persons. Most OAS Member States continue to apply an anthropocentric constitutional framework centered on the right to a healthy environment...

...exploits.” The U.S. is already a big player in this market, purchasing exploits for use by its intelligence and law-enforcement agencies. Rather than informing producers, purchasers, or users of the software of the flaws, the U.S. government (and other governments that participate in the exploits market) allegedly require non-disclosure agreements from the hackers who sell exploits so that the holes will stay open as long as possible. This has been called a strategy of offense: trying to maximize intelligence gathering capabilities. Geer paraphrases a former senior NSA official: If we...

the novel constitutional approach proposed by Nicholas Rosenkranz, which reads the Necessary and Proper Clause as authorizing only legislation related to creation of treaties and not to their implementation. This approach relies on a strained textual reading of the Necessary and Proper Clause in connection with the Treaty Clause which, as best I can tell, had never been made before Professor Rosenkranz came up with it. In adopting this approach, Justice Scalia completely ignores key aspects of constitutional history. As Carlos Vazquez and Ed Swaine have pointed out, the Framers...