international law Tag

[Heybatollah Najandimanesh, associate professor of international law at Allameh Tabatabaei University, Tehran, Iran] Introduction Can a treaty concluded under sustained military pressure ever constitute a valid expression of state consent? This question lies at the heart of Article 52 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT), which provides that a treaty is void if its conclusion has been procured by the threat or...

[Narek Abgaryan is a legal professional specializing in public international law with expertise in international humanitarian law and the law of international treaties, currently focused on promoting international law and legal education in Armenia. Davit Khachatryan is an international law expert and lecturer specializing in public international law, alternative dispute resolution, investment law, international humanitarian law, and security.] Much has been written about the legality...

[Gustavo Leite Neves da Luz is a Postdoctoral Fellow at Dalhousie University. He holds a PhD in International Law from the University of Hamburg. His research focuses on public international law, the law of the sea, and international environmental law] International law has not died. Its treaties remain in force, courts continue to decide, and institutions still organise the vocabulary through which power...

[Joanna Wils is a PhD researcher at the Institute for International law of KU Leuven, specialising in international environmental law. She holds an LL.M. in Environmental & Energy Law from NYU School of Law and currently serves as a Belgian UN Climate Youth Delegate] “The COP of truth cannot support an outcome that ignores science”, were the words of the Colombian delegation...

[Erard de Schaetzen is a Belgian lawyer, holding a Master’s degree in European law from the Université catholique de Louvain and an LL.M. in Public International Law from Utrecht University] On January 9th, 2026, the European Commission and the Mercosur concluded over two decades of negotiations with the signing of the Partnership Agreement (EMPA) and the Interim Trade Agreement (iTA) – the two legal pillars...

[Mehmet Emin Büyük is an Assistant Professor of Public International Law in the School of Law at Ibn Haldun University. His research lies primarily in the field of general international law, with a particular emphasis on the doctrine of sources, international legal theory and history, and the judicial methodology of the International Court of Justice] Introduction Combined, the ongoing devastation in Gaza and the...

[Dr Mustafa Emre Gokmenoglu is a lecturer in public international law at Hacettepe University School of Law] Israel raided and detained the Global Sumud flotilla activists primarily in two waves: firstly, on 30 April and secondly, on 18 May. The first wave of the raid took place near Crete, 965 km away from Gaza, where Israel maintains a naval blockade under...

[Ali Osman Karaoglu holds a Ph.D. in Public Law at Istanbul Şehir University. He is currently a faculty member in the Department of International Law at Yalova University Faculty of Law, Türkiye] International law constitutes one avenue of the Palestinian struggle. It is not, however, the only one. Nevertheless, even when other forms of resistance are employed, international law invariably remains...

[Geoff Gilbert is a Professor at the School of Law and Human Rights Centre, University of Essex, Senior Adviser to PPLA, DIPS, UNHCR and Head of Research for the Criteria Volume of the new Handbook] The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees is celebrating its 75th birthday. In the same way as if it were a human being, after...

[The Honourable Russel W. Zinn is a retired Justice of the Federal Court of Canada and President of the International Association of Refugee and Migration Judges] The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees [the Convention] was adopted on July 28, 1951.  It is the foundational international treaty defining who a refugee is and their rights.  Originally limited to European refugees...

[Dr. Vincent Chetail is Professor of International Law and Director of the Global MIgration Centre at the Geneva Graduate Institute of International and development Studies] Anniversaries invite reflection, but they can also induce complacency. The seventy-fifth anniversary of the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees falls in a moment of acute tension: never have so many people needed its protection and never has...

[Matthew Gillett is the Chair of the Platform of Independence Experts on Refugee Rights, a member of the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention and a Senior Lecturer at Essex Law School (UK)] Introduction This year we commemorate 75 years since the adoption of the 1951 Refugee Convention relating to the Status of Refugees. The 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Protocol...