Technology

[Rossella Pulvirenti is a Senior Lecturer in Manchester Law School (UK), specialising in international criminal law and human rights, with a specific focus on evidence and witnesses’ rights] The evidentiary landscape of international criminal justice is undergoing a profound transformation through the use of open-source intelligence (OSINT). OSINT marks the third major revolution in evidentiary approaches to prosecuting mass atrocity crimes....

[Guillen Torres Sepulveda is Open Source Investigations Specialist with the Human Rights Center, Berkeley School of Law. Pınar Yolum is Professor of Trustworthy AI at the Department of Information and Computing Sciences at Utrecht University] Open-source investigation is the practice of collecting, verifying, and analyzing publicly available information to answer investigative questions.  These questions vary from fact-checking to human rights monitoring to...

[Isabella Regan is PhD researcher at the department of Law, Society and Crime of Erasmus School of Law, Rotterdam, focusing on public and private open-source investigations and atrocity crimes. Alexa Koenig, PhD, MA, JD, is a research professor at UC Berkeley School of Law, faculty director of UC Berkeley's Human Rights Center, and director and co-founder of the center's Investigations...

[Dr Robin Vanderborght is a researcher in international politics at the University of Antwerp, Belgium Dr Anna Nadibaidze is a postdoctoral researcher at the Center for War Studies, University of Southern Denmark] On April 8, 2025, Palmer Luckey, the founder of defence technology company Anduril Industries, steps on the stage of TED2025 to deliver a talk on the military use of artificial...

[Dr Mando Rachovitsa is an Associate Professor in human rights law at the School of Law, University of Nottingham and the Deputy Director of the Human Rights Law Centre] Although the UK’s ambivalence on adopting a national regulatory framework for AI has received considerable discussion, the UK’s policy and role in advancing the international governance of AI safety remains to be...

[Richard Mackenzie-Gray Scott is the author of State Responsibility for Non-State Actors: Past, Present and Prospects for the Future (Oxford: Hart | Bloomsbury, 2022, re-issued in paperback 2024)] This is the second part of a two-part post; see Part I here. But wait! How silly of me. Apologies for jumping the gun. There are other attribution tests under the ILC Articles...

[Richard Mackenzie-Gray Scott is the author of State Responsibility for Non-State Actors: Past, Present and Prospects for the Future (Oxford: Hart | Bloomsbury, 2022, re-issued in paperback 2024)] This is the first part of a two-part post; see Part II here. Information operations can impact societies in many ways. Whether by undermining specific human rights, for example, as a result of crossing...

[Dr Rupert Barrett-Taylor is a Research Fellow at the Alan Turing Institute focused on the ethical, operational, and epistemological implications of Artificial Intelligence in military operations. Dr Matthew Ford is an academic in the Department of War Studies at the Swedish Defence University (FHS) focusing on war and the data-saturated battlefields of the 21st century] The state’s exclusive control over the legitimate...

[Professor Luke Moffett is chair of human rights and international humanitarian law at Queen’s University Belfast and a lone wanderer through Fallout 3, New Vegas, 4 and 76] “War. War never changes. The Romans waged war to gather slaves and wealth. Spain built an empire from its lust for gold and territory. Hitler shaped a battered Germany into an economic superpower. But war never changes.”Ron...

[Craig Martin is a Professor of Law and Co-Director of the International and Comparative Law Center at Washburn University School of Law in the United States. Professor Michael J. Kelly holds the Sen. Allen Sekt Endowed Chair in Law at Creighton University and co-chairs the American Bar Association’s Task Force on Internet Governance.] There has been considerable analysis of President Trump’s AI...

[Mohammad Mehdi Seyed Nasseri is a researcher at the Center for Ethics and Law Studies, and lecturer at the Shahid Beheshti University (Tehran). He holds a PhD in Public International Law from Islamic Azad University, UAE Branch (Dubai)] In July 2025, reports emerged across Europe about increasing requests by parents to delete images of their children from search engines. While the...

[Deniz Mykola Dirisu is an international OSINT consultant and co-founder of OSINT For Ukraine, with experience in building and leading diverse teams across borders within the context of digital investigations and justice. Anastasiia Liulina is a PhD candidate at the University of Groningen, whose research is focused on digital open source evidence of international crimes. She also worked as an intern...