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[Noëlle Quénivet is Professor in International Law at the Bristol Law School of the University of West of England (UK). She holds a LLM in International Human Rights Law from the University of Nottingham and a PhD in Law from the University of Essex] When the Council of Europe and Ukraine signed an agreement on 25 June 2025 establishing the Special...

[Ruby Rosselle ‘Ross’ Tugade is a Filipino lawyer and a doctoral researcher at the Faculty of Law & Justice, UNSW Sydney. She is admitted to the List of Assistants to Counsel in the ICC] In the days leading up to the confirmation of charges hearing of former Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte before the International Criminal Court (ICC), public speculation arose as...

[Iva Vukušić is an Assistant Professor in International History at Utrecht University and a Visiting Research Fellow at the Department of War Studies, King's College London] The likelihood of arrest of high-level leaders indicted by international courts is always a topic of discussion among those interested in accountability and justice for international crimes. However, since the 2023 International Criminal Court (ICC)...

For obvious reasons, I am not going to comment on the substance of the investigation or any of the recent media commentary on it. In this post, I simply want to address a narrow legal issue that is drawing attention on social media: what is the standard of proof that applies in disciplinary proceedings at the ICC? The answer is...

[Diane A. Desierto is full Professor of Law at the University of Notre Dame’s Law School, the Faculty Director of the LLM Program in International Human Rights Law, and Founding Director of the Notre Dame Law School Global Human Rights Clinic.] Heads of State can attempt to assert their traditional immunities and privileges before international criminal court proceedings, but they will find that...

[Mariana Apaza is a law student and Teaching Assistant at the University of San Martín de Porres. She is the former co-lead of the Association of Young International Criminal Lawyers’ Programmes Committee. Matilde Gamba is the current co-lead of the Association of Young International Criminal Lawyers’ Programmes Committee. As a former trainee at the European Parliament, she worked on EU policymaking...

[Mikel Delagrange is a Cuban American lawyer who worked for 12 years at the ICC and is currently the Senior International Legal Advisor at the Wayamo Foundation Mark Kersten is an Assistant Professor of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of the Fraser Valley in Canada and a Senior Consultant at the Wayamo Foundation] Leer en Espanol / You can read...

[Mahmoud Abdelwahab is a Deputy Public Prosecutor in Egypt, Director of the Financial Crimes Division within the North Cairo Public Prosecution, and a certified trainer on the Council of Europe’s HELP platform] The current Iran-U.S.-Israel hostilities have again demonstrated that modern armed conflict unfolds on two tracks at once: the kinetic and the digital. In recent days, Reuters reported that cyber...

[Asuman Ece Yildiz is a PhD candidate at the University of Groningen] In today's world, conflicts frequently take the form of non-international armed conflicts involving a variety of non-state armed groups espousing ideologies. These groups often assert de facto control over territories for extended periods, spanning years and even decades. Such control necessitates the establishment of governance systems, bureaucracies, and, in...

[Thomas Obel Hansen is the Beatriz Galindo Distinguished Professor with the Department of International Law, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), co-funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science. He is associated with the Francisco de Vitoria Institute of International and European Studies at UC3M and has a research affiliation with the Transitional Justice Institute, Ulster University.] Debate has emerged in some...

[Vanessa Murphy and Helen Obregón Gieseken are Legal Advisers at the Legal Division of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Geneva] At the 34th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent in October 2024, Nigeria and European Union Member States pledged, among other things, to consider acceding to the Convention on the Prohibition of Military Use of...