[Parisa Zangeneh recently passed her PhD viva at the Irish Centre for Human Rights, where her work was supported by the Hardiman Scholarship] In recent weeks, the leadership of the Islamic Republic of Iran has engaged in an unlawful use of violence by attacking protesters en masse. According to the Guardian, at least 30,000 people have died, and the bodies of...
[The authors are third year law students at the West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences (WBNUJS), Kolkata.] The UN Charter rests on a distinctive normative conception of sovereignty. Sovereignty is not abolished in matters of international peace and security; rather, it is collectively mediated through universality. Article 2(1) affirms the sovereign equality of states, grounding participation in peace and security governance in strictly juridical status....
[Dr. Ellen Nohle is a senior legal advisor at IHL Centre] Trump’s second term in office has only augmented a set of concerns I raised in a monograph published following his first term (When Military Obedience and Restrictions on War Powers Collide: A Case for Reform, Edward Elgar, 2024). The bombing of nuclear sites in Iran in June 2025, ongoing lethal...
[Brian McGarry is Assistant Professor of Public International Law at Leiden University] The just-concluded hearings in The Gambia v. Myanmar mark the culmination of a long campaign that expanded the reach of public interest litigation, while foreshadowing the popularization of third-State intervention in ICJ cases. All of this has received more than its share of attention, including the Court’s admission of 11 intervening States...
[Zsuzsanna Deen-Racsmány holds a Ph.D. in public international law from Leiden University. She is an independent researcher and has worked, inter alia, at Leiden University and the University of Amsterdam, and been a rapporteur for Oxford International Organizations.] In January 2026, the International Court of Justice (ICJ or Court) held public hearings on the merits in Application of the Convention on...
[Mahemud E. Tekuya, a former lecturer of Law at Dire Dawa University, Ethiopia, holds a JSD/Ph.D. from McGeorge School of Law, where he received the 2022 Award of Excellence for JSD Achievement (highest GPA and scholarship achievement). He is the author of The Nile in Legal and Political Perspective: Between Change and Continuity. 1st ed. Boston: BRILL, 2023] On December 26, 2025, Israel...
[Sanmay Moitra is a research assistant at ‘Human Rights in Practice’ and an Advanced LLM candidate at Leiden University. He has previously studied international law at the University of Oxford and Georgetown University.] On January 18, the full text of a Charter for Donald Trump’s ‘Board of Peace’ (BoP) was made public. Although UNSC Resolution 2803 had first authorised and conceived of the...
[Saumya Kaushik is an LL.M. candidate in International Law at the Geneva Graduate Institute, focusing on international dispute settlement and compliance mechanisms.] Often the discourse on international dispute settlement lays emphasis on the choice of forum; i.e., whether States should resort to legal means of dispute settlement or diplomatic means of settlement. As Marcelo Kohen identifies, these are two sides of the coin...
[Dr. Joshua Joseph Niyo is the Regional Legal Adviser for East and Central Africa at Diakonia International Humanitarian Law Centre in Nairobi, Kenya. He has served as an adjunct lecturer at UCLA, UC Irvine, and Pepperdine University, and was a Swiss National Science Foundation Visiting Researcher. He is actively involved in a multi-year project to enhance IHL capacity in Mozambique,...
[Danielle Flanagan is an International Disputes & Litigation Associate at Hogan Lovells LLP and former Judicial Fellow at the International Court of Justice. Mariana Goetz is the Director of Rights for Peace, a U.K. registered human rights organization working to strengthen the rights and resilience of conflict-affected communities to prevent identity-based violence.] Amid renewed atrocities in Sudan since April 2023, the Rapid Support...
[Ezequiel Jimenez Martinez has a PhD in International Law (Middlesex University, United Kingdom), works at Amnesty International and is Senior Fellow at the Center for International Law Research and Policy. He is the author of Governing the International Criminal Court: the History and Practice of the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute (Brill, 2025) While the International Criminal Court...
[Elodie Tranchez, PhD, is an international human rights lawyer and teaches public international law, including the law of treaties and the law of international organizations, at the University for Peace (UPEACE). Elvira Domínguez-Redondo is professor of law at Kingston University, specialising in international law, human rights and United Nations mechanisms.] On 4 January 2026, the United States adopted Executive Order 14199, withdrawing from a wide range...