Search: Syria Insta-Symposium

...force on its territory. In Part II, we will also provide some concluding commentary and pose several questions. Part I: How International Law Could Work in a Transnational NIAC…without Consent In 2011, Syrian security forces and rebels (Free Syria Army) engaged in violent fighting that brought the country into what international law defines as a non-international armed conflict (or, NIAC). At the same time, and largely as a result of Syria’s brutal treatment of civilians during the fighting, Syria fell out of favor with the international community, including the United...

UHI. There is no easy solution for states concerned about Syria, such as a Kosovo- or Libya-style airpower campaign. If they want to end the crisis, they will have to invade Syria and destroy the large and generally well-equipped Syrian army — a task that would make the invasion of Iraq look positively economical by comparison. And the sad truth is that the US is not going to spend billions of dollars and accept thousands of dead American soldiers to save a bunch of defenceless Syrian civilians. Nor is the...

[Yasmine Nahlawi is an independent researcher specialising in R2P and its applicability to the Syrian and Libyan conflicts. Sana Sekkarie is a Security Studies master’s candidate at Georgetown University and a researcher of the Syrian conflict.] On 18 September, The Netherlands announced its decision to ‘hold Syria responsible under international law for gross human rights violations and torture in particular’. It appears prepared to formally submit a case before the ICJ for Syria’s violation of the Convention Against Torture (CAT) if, as per Article 30 CAT, diplomatic routes fail and...

...want to rely on Syrian consent to justify their attacks. But it seems likely that Jordan, Bahrain, Qatar, and the UAE are relying on Syrian consent rather than Syrian unwillingness or inability to justify their attacks on ISIS in Syria — particularly given their traditional narrow understanding of Art. 51. Finally, it is important to note what Deeks says immediately after claiming that “[i]In view of these developments, the ‘unwilling or unable’ test is starting to seem less controversial and better settled as doctrine”: Whether other European states ultimately commit...

adopted two important Resolutions, 1970 and 1973. The proposed Security Council resolutions on Syria have differed substantially from 1970 and 1973 in their terms. Moreover, from a practical perspective, it is by no means clear that the type of actions taken to protect Libyan civilians would have the same effect in Syria. But that does not mean that the international community has turned away from the Syrian people or ignored the responsibility of the Syrian government to protect its civilian population. The Syrian government has been condemned for committing human...

operations on the Bashar al-Assad regime’s behalf and trains pro-regime militias, coordinating operations across Syria with the Syrian military high command and the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps. On some occasions, Hezbollah commanders have even been given tactical control over Syrian army units. Hezbollah arms shipments and the like would make eminently justifiable targets in the context of the Syrian-Israeli state of war if Hezbollah qualified as a de facto organ of the Syrian government, especially for purposes of attacks on Israel. But it is not clear that Hezbollah meets the...

on his website concerning his advocacy on the issue). After recalling some of the horrendous violations of international law that have doubtless occurred in Syria—and specifically pointing the finger at the Government of Syria, Bashar al-Assad, Russia, Iran, ‘Iran’s terrorist proxies including Hezbollah’, the Islamic State and the al-Nusra Front—the House: strongly condemns the continued use of unlawful and indiscriminate violence against civilian populations by the Government of Syria, its allies, and other parties to the conflict; urges the United States and its partners to continue to demand and work...

Jordan One can disagree with your first premise regarding IHL that all that has occurred in Syria is an Art. 3 conflict (i.e., an insurgency). In 2012, several states recognized the Syrian coalition as the legitimate leader of the Syrian people. There is also de facto support by outside fighters on both (or all) sides. It may be that a "belligerency" is occurring in Syria to which all of the customary laws of war apply. See http://ssrn.com/abstract=2272291 Customary laws of war relevant to relief shipments during a belligerency would be...

prosecutions of international crimes committed in Syria. Indeed, in July 2021 the German Federal Prosecutor General filed an indictment against a Syrian government-affiliated doctor, Alaa M., for alleged crimes against humanity committed in Syria. Indeed, since 2016 criminal complaints concerning acts of torture perpetrated in Syria have been filed by victims in Germany, Austria, Sweden and Norway. In June 2018, Germany’s Federal Court of Justice issued an arrest warrant for Jamil Hassan, the former head of Syria’s dreaded Air Force Intelligence. A few months later, French judges also issued an arrest...

even consider cooperating with the Syrian government in suppressing the activities of IS militants in Syria. The United States, for example, explicitly rejected a request for such cooperation, maintaining that it is “not looking for the approval of the Syrian regime.” In its letter to the Security, Canada likewise stated that “in expanding our airstrikes into Syria, the government has now decided we will not seek the express consent of the Syrian government.” The approach taken by US and Canadian officials appears to be in clear violation of the necessity...

...attention of the American public, but surely coalition partners would ask these questions: what was Obama’s basis for the legality of air strikes in Syria? It is somewhat troubling that President Obama took the step of supporting air strikes in Syria, without articulating any clear legal foundation at the international level. Just to be clear, the issue of air strikes in Iraq against the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (“ISIS”) does not raise similar questions, as Iraq had earlier consented to the use of force. There are a number...

most attention, the abstention by Syria’s neighbour, Lebanon (which holds the presidency of the Security Council) was just as illuminating. Apart from these key differences in the dynamics of the cases of Syria and Libya, there is another, more nuanced issue to consider. Why is it that anyone would, indeed, expect UN Security Council member states to successfully agree to condemn or sanction Syria? The answer seems to me to be that there is a prevalent belief that because it happened in Libya, it was feasible for it to happen...