allowed domestic courts in a number of countries hosting
Syrian refugees to prosecute crimes committed in
Syria. These efforts led to, for
instance, the conviction of two former
Syrian intelligence officials in the first ever trial on
Syrian state torture, the al-Khatib trial, in Koblenz, Germany. This created a strong momentum for international criminal justice efforts. While highlighting the horror of the
Syrian prison system or gulag, it has also triggered vivid debates within
Syria’s civil society about the meaning and limits of prosecuting and trying a handful of midlevel...