...to stop
Gaddafi. As such, the intervention was invited by an accredited government representative (albeit one who was estranged from
Gaddafi at the time of the intervention), which, partially vitiated concerns about violating state sovereignty. Second,
Gaddafi’s remarks about “germs, rats and scumbags” may have constituted genocidal language, which triggered a responsibility to prevent pursuant to the Genocide Convention. Third, R2P contains a plethora of softer tools including election monitoring (Kenya), radio jamming (Rwanda), and other non-military forms of intervention. These tools are regularly and effectively employed under the R2P...