Search: unwilling or unable

...establish an IO in the first place. As such, though there is some doctrinal confusion as to whether or not the Charter is indeed the BoP’s constituent instrument, this confusion is not insurmountable and, in any case, does not threaten the feasibility of the BoP’s personality as an IO.  The Institutional Framework of the BoP and Volonte Distincte The key existential challenge to the BoP’s legal personality arises, however, from its institutional framework which potentially renders it unable to express any autonomous institutional will. As noted earlier, one of the...

...slanderous mischaracterizations without giving the person in question a chance to be heard.” “I’m sickened,” he added, “that this is happening in New York City. Shocked, really.” The attack itself is simply business as usual for Israel’s self-appointed right-wing champions. Unable to win the war of ideas, they simply wage war on ideas, trying to silence anyone who has the temerity to criticize Israel. What’s surprising is that a traditionally progressive university like CUNY would be swayed by such baseless attacks. Similar attacks did not prevent Brandeis from awarding Kushner...

...as to whether delivery would adversely impact her eye illness. The medical opinions were mixed as to whether delivery was a risk to her eyesight, such that medical authorization for therapeutic termination of the pregnancy was denied. The applicant delivered the baby in November 2000. After delivery, her eyesight deteriorated, and she now is unable to see from more than a distance of 1.5 meters (five feet). Before the pregnancy she could see from a distance of six meters (twenty feet). Medical opinions were mixed as to whether this deterioration...

...position as the Minister of Livestock significantly dampens any hope that the CAR government will allow his prosecution any time soon. If the Court is unable to prosecute high-ranking government officials responsible for crimes in the country, then the victims’ hope for justice will be significantly damaged.  The commitments made by CAR authorities to support the SCC must include support for the prosecution of high-ranking government officials and others who are suspected of committing crimes under international law. The SCC should be able to carry out its mandate without fear...

...explain why decisions were taken to establish these courts. With few exceptions (for example, Bates’s The Evolution of the European Convention on Human Rights), these do not yet exist. As a consequence, Professor Alter’s causal explanations for the creation of international courts and the subscription by states to their statutes are mostly general, sometimes tenuous, and occasionally implausible. She is unable to convincingly connect the dots. Second, the answer to Professor Alter’s question (“why [are] there . . . more international courts today than at any point in history”?) is...

...not personally be aware of the existence of the humiliation or degradation or other violation” (Elements of Crimes, footnotes 49 and 57). Consequently, outrages upon personal dignity can be committed against unconscious individuals, or dead bodies. The principle of protecting personal dignity, regardless of awareness, is essential in the context of armed conflicts, where individuals may be unable to assert their rights directly, especially posthumously. This approach is particularly relevant, as human rights law—especially in the jurisprudence of the ECtHR —considers privacy rights as primarily applicable to the living, typically...

...allegations of sexual harassment and other forms of workplace harassment. Shortlisting is a much more subjective inquiry, one that requires considering what qualities the “ideal” Prosecutor must possess, balancing desirable qualities against each other, assessing how well very different candidates fit the role, etc. There is no reason the same advisory body couldn’t both shortlist and adequately vet candidates. But they are not the same function — and as the CEP openly acknowledged, they were simply unable to adequately vet the candidates on the longlist: 31. The Committee is aware...

...their lack of recognition contributes to de facto states being regarded as a pathological type of political arrangement, insofar as they appear to challenge the doctrinal certainties surrounding statehood and law-fact interaction. Although it has been asserted that international law can accommodate unrecognized states by conceptual means, as it is a flexible system adaptable to new developments, these entities have been for the most part shunned and stigmatized, being unable to engage with recognized states in a satisfactory manner – their blurred legal status paired with a complicated reputation of...

...of the military-tech complex and the role of platform companies Many states that see the military adoption of AI as a strategic priority are unable to develop many AI capabilities in-house due to a lack of capital and expertise. Increasingly, these states are turning to technology firms to provide data services and expertise. This is leading to the emergence of the so-called military-tech complex – a series of close partnerships between armed forces, governments, and technology firms to integrate AI and data analytics into military operations. The rise of the...

...situation whose impunity has already been ended at the domestic level. There is no justification to postpone discharging the notification obligation under Article 18. Without notifying the States concerned and Stets that have normally jurisdiction over a situation, the Prosecutor is unable to effectively examine the complementarity requirement to believe that there are no proceedings at the domestic level. In addition, the positive complementarity endorses this interpretation. Under positive approach to complementarity, the Prosecutor shall not be passive during the preliminary examination and should engage with States to encourage and...

...reduced standard of living. The majority of the victims live in abject poverty because they are unable to fend for themselves. This has an impact on the family and the community, another fact which was recognised by the Chamber.  Given the phenomenon of children born of war, and the uniqueness of their suffering, the Chamber’s recognition of transgenerational harm is particularly important. The Chamber describes this as a “phenomenon in which traumatised parents set in motion an intergenerational cycle of dysfunction, handing-down trauma to their children, who themselves did not...

...in order to show that there was a substantially quantitative impact on the results. A similar approach was taken by the Constitutional Court of Zimbabwe in the 2018 case of Nelson Chamisa v Emmerson Mnangagwa. The Zimbabwean Court held that no matter how serious the irregularities may be, the results of the election will not be invalidated if the petitioner is unable to prove that the irregularities substantially affected the results. Effectively, the Supreme Court of Malawi in Peter Mutharika v Lazarus Chakwera and Saulos Chilima has broken ranks with...