Search: kony 2012

...in its 2012 report on Colombia that some paramilitaries may benefit from the sentences of 5 to 8 years imprisonment if convicted of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes provided they demobilize. The matter is further complicated by the ICC’s capacity to frustrate the ongoing peace negotiations between the government and the FARC guerrillas. These talks aim at ending a conflict disrupting the country for over fifty years. The issue of sentencing in Colombia illustrates the difficulties the Court faces in applying the principle of complementarity in practice. What are...

...African organizations are typically short lived. For example, ECOWAS applied sanctions against Mali’s leaders in April 2012, and lifted them a few months later, in August 2012. Relatedly, regional organizations have been much quicker to threaten sanctions in deteriorating political situations, and use them as a tool to keep the dialogue going in times of instability. Although the track record is too short to indicate definite trends, it appears that sanctions by regional bodies have been more nimble and responsive to situations on the ground. Nonetheless, regional organizations have encountered...

...conduct in proceedings before the ICC. The OPCD has been unable to identify any provision of the Rome Statute in support of that contention, which is erroneous. Libya has made no secret of the fact that its national proceedings are broader in scope than those before the Court…. Since the filing of the 1 May 2012 Admissibility Challenge, entirely separate criminal proceedings have also been brought against Mr Gaddafi arising from alleged breaches of national security taking place during the June 2012 visit of OPCD counsel to Zintan. Second, echoing...

...or finance until Congress has first enacted legislation. The Copenhagen negotiating process has two tracks: one to negotiate amendments to the Kyoto Protocol, including a second round of emissions targets for developed (“Annex B”) countries, addressing the period after 2012, when the Kyoto Protocol’s first commitment period ends (a negotiating track that doesn’t include the United States, since it is not a party to Kyoto); the other to reach a comprehensive outcome under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), including mitigation commitments by developed countries and actions by...

[Vince Vitowsky has asked me to post this announcement from Joe D. Whitley about an upcoming ABA two-day event that might interest readers.] Thursday, March 22, 2012-Friday, March 23, 2012 Capital Hilton 1001 16th Street NW Washington, District of Columbia, United States 20036 As Program Chair and Vice-Chair of the American Bar Association’s Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice Section, I would like to invite you to attend the 7th Annual Homeland Security Law Institute. We are honored to have with us this year Former U.S. Attorney General Michael Mukasey, Former...

...on alleged war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in 2012 and beyond. Mr Said is alleged to have participated in the Seleka uprising of 2012, an organisation which formed to overthrow the then President François Bozizé who had held power since 2003. Achieving a coup in March 2013, Seleka appointed their leader, Michael Djotodia, as President of CAR. From then until January 2014, incessant fighting ensued between pro-Seleka and pro-Bozizé forces. A thorough account of the conflict can be found from paragraph 6 in the Warrant of Arrest for...

...Digests covering 1989 through 2012 are also available on the State Department’s website. The Digest is edited by the Office of the Legal Adviser. The Digest traces its history back to an 1877 treatise by John Cadwalader, which was followed by multi-volume encyclopedias covering selected areas of international law. The Digest later came to be known to many as “Whiteman’s” after Marjorie Whiteman, the editor from 1963-1971. Beginning in 1973, the Office of the Legal Adviser published the Digest on an annual basis, changing its focus to documentation current to...

...and IHL (see, for example, CoIDH 2012, paras. 285 and 286). In short, the second level of the transitional narrative refers to an axiological substratum that involves “what to do” or “what is the most desirable way” to confront the committed human rights violations. Defining what is desirable can be infinitely complex, but, when dealing with transitional justice matters, IHRL and IHL offer a set of universal values ​​that can serve as a mandatory reference. These values ​​arise from the international regulations subscribed by the states and the jurisprudence of...

...would inevitably be crafted under R2P. In contrast to Libya, the Security Council explicitly avoided R2P language in its early communications on Syria. Its March 2012 press statement called upon the parties to work with the international community, which hints at, but ultimately avoids any reference to R2P’s Second Pillar. In its May 2012 press statement, the Council condemned the Syrian government for attacking civilians without any mention of the state’s responsibility and effectively closed the discussion by reiterating the principle of sovereignty. R2P language finally emerged in Council communications...

...in Lago Agrio. The unique willingness of arbitrators to check the power of a foreign judiciary came into sharp relief on Jan. 25, 2012, when the Chevron v. Ecuador tribunal issued interim orders that the Republic (including its courts) take all measures at its disposal to suspend enforcement of the judgment. The very next morning, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated a worldwide injunction against enforcement of that same judgment by the Ecuadorian plaintiffs. In a striking choice of words, the Second Circuit declined to serve...

...rights mechanisms have provided important support, but their impact has been limited by enforcement constraints. Historically, the Inter-American Commission and Court of Human Rights -established under the American Convention on Human Rights- were instrumental in supporting victims of human rights abuses in Venezuela for decades. However, in 2012 Venezuela withdrew from the Convention, in an attempt to prevent its citizens from accessing those mechanisms. In my family’s case, we were able to submit an individual complaint to the UN Working Group on Arbitrary Detention. In May 2012, they ruled in...

...the definitions of autonomy and automation, I included in the bibliography a very useful article appearing in 2013 from William Marra and Sonia McNeil, “Understanding ‘The Loop’: Regulating the Next Generation of War Machines,” 36 Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 3 (2013), which also appeared as a working paper in the Lawfare Research Paper Series 1-2012. That’s quite a flurry of activity. I’ll also add to the list an article on December 3, 2012 in the Guardian by the prominent artificial intelligence scientist Noel Sharkey, who has been...