[Massimo Frigo is a Senior Policy Officer in the Protection Policy and Legal Advice Section (DIPS) at the UNHCR. Cornelis (Kees) Wouters is a Senior Refugee Law Adviser in the Protection Policy and Legal Advice Section (DIPS) at the UNHCR.] Seventy-five years is a veteran age for everyone; even for a multilateral treaty. It is sufficient time to live through paradigmatic changes,...
[Jessica Dorsey is an Assistant Professor of International Law at Utrecht University School of Law; Zena Assaad is an Associate Professor at the School of Engineering, Australian National University; Elke Schwarz is a Professor of Political Theory at Queen Mary University London; Ingvild Bode is a Professor of International Relations, University of Southern Denmark. The authors are all members of the Independent Advisory Board on Legal Reviews...
[Pearce Clancy is a Research Fellow in Trinity College Dublin, funded by Research Ireland’s Postdoctoral Fellowship Programme] 2026 has not been a peaceful year. Armed conflicts continue to wage across the world, with a number of the most high-profile conflicts plunging the global economy into a state of crisis or otherwise posing direct threats to the rights of states not party to the conflict. More...
[Frederik Rogiers is a PhD researcher and teaching assistant at the Ghent Rolin-Jaequemyns International Law Institute and Ghent Maritime Institute, Faculty of Law and Criminology, Ghent University] On 12 April 2026, following the collapse of the Islamabad talks, President Donald Trump announced on Truth Social that the United States Navy would impose a “naval blockade of the Strait of Hormuz”. Within...
[Lavinia Stoppani is a recent graduate of the LL.B. programme in International and European Law at the University of Groningen, with research interests in environmental law and treaty interpretation] Introduction In a dissenting opinion to the 1977 Gabčíkovo-Nagymaros case, Judge Herczegh argued that where uncertainty exists between short term economic loss and potentially irreversible environmental harm, the latter ought to carry greater weight;...
[Dr. Nafees Ahmad holds a Ph.D. in International Refugee Law and Human Right), and is an Associate Professor at the Faculty of Legal Studies, South Asian University, New Delhi. Saif Ali is an advocate at the Delhi High Court, New Delhi and holds a BALLB, and LL.M (International Law).] The expression “gendered starvation” illustrates how intentional or methodical denial of food, water,...
[Dr Sergey Sayapin is Professor of Law at KIMEP University (Almaty, Kazakhstan) and Distinguished Visiting Global Scholar at the NUS Centre for International Law (2025)] If global risk has become the defining condition of contemporary international law, its most immediate and consequential expression lies in human vulnerability. Climate change destabilises ecological systems, technological innovation diffuses agency and outpaces control – yet it is through human exposure...
[Thairi Moya Sánchez is Professor of Public International Law at the Complutense University of Madrid] In Aeschylus’ tragedy Eumenides, the transition frompersonalvengeance to adjudication before a newly constituted court dramatizes a foundational intuition of the rule of law, namely that even the gravest conflicts ought to be resolved through a visible, constrained and reasoned institutional sequence rather than by discretionary power....
[Dita Liliansa is a PhD Researcher at the University of New South Wales (UNSW) Sydney, Australia] In 2020, Akhmad accepted what he believed to be a fishing job at $300 a month. Once at sea, the promised opportunity became a cycle of abuse. He worked 18-hour days, was beaten with a metal hook, and when a snapped rope tore his leg...
[Deborah Ruiz Verduzco is Executive Director of the Trust Fund for Victims (TFV) at the International Criminal Court (ICC). Prior to her appointment, she was Director of the Secretariat of the Coalition for the International Criminal Court. She previously led the Civil Society Development Department at the International Commission on Missing Persons, served as Special Assistant to two Presidents of...
[Natalia Kubesch is a Legal Advisor at REDRESS, focussing on asset recovery and the repurposing of assets frozen under Magnitsky Sanctions for the purpose of human rights reparations, and leading REDRESS’ universal jurisdiction work. Prior to this, Natalia practiced at two large international law firms in London, working on complex financial crime investigations and litigations, and advised on compliance with international sanction regimes. Lyra Nightingale is...
[Professor Luke Moffett is chair of human rights and international humanitarian law at Queen's University Belfast. He is author of Justice for Victims before the International Criminal Court (Routledge 2014), Reparations and War (OUP 2023), and Algorithms of War (BUP 2026)] As the war in Ukraine drags into its fifth year (or thirteenth if you look back to Russia’s original invasion),...