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of international law? In this blogpost I will evaluate an argument that was put forward during the proceedings, according to which member states would act as “agents”, “organs” or “proxies” of the ICC. I will contend that the argument is based on the unclear conceptualization of the ICC as a supranational international organization. I will contest this thesis, but I will also contend that the law of international organizations does not provide a clear answer to this dilemma. The Proxy argument On the 14th of August 2018, the ICC Office...

widely accepted at the ICC. There are a number of factors that might support Colombia’s claim for lenient (and, to a lesser extent, suspended) and/or disparate sentences. Firstly, it seems that the ICC prosecution already pointed to broad discretion of the Colombian judiciary in its 2012 report (para. 206), when it confirmed that the ICC would examine local sentences individually on the basis of particular factors, such as, the intent to bring perpetrators to justice, the gravity of the crimes and the efforts to establish the truth. Secondly, the ICC...

be a paradigmatic case of a state’s inability to prosecute under complementarity, justifying the assertion of ICC jurisdiction. In other words, CAR’s legal inability to handle this case would explain why an international trial of Yekatom is not just convenient for the ICC but also legally necessary. Unfortunately, the ICC is unlikely to go down this route to justify its fully legitimate exercise of jurisdiction. Conclusion The Yekatom case raises many other legal and non-legal questions. Most notably, the arrest warrant suggests that the ICC will have to grapple with...

investigated (emphasis mine): 32. The ICC case law has not authoritatively determined the meaning of the word “case” in Article 17(1). It is significant that for the purposes of authorising an investigation under Article 15 in respect of the Kenya Situation the Pre-Trial Chamber held that the admissibility of the case before the ICC must be determined by whether (i) the groups of persons that are the likely to be the object of an investigation by the ICC and (ii) the crimes that are likely to be the focus of...

...of Palestine had concluded with third-party non-member states (e.g. The Arab League and OIC) prior to the date of the Rome Statute's entry into force. I've noted the fact that many of the members of the League and OIC are ICC member states that can be called upon to use those multilateral agreements to assist the Court in obtaining custody of Palestinian suspects from third party states. I've endorsed the conclusions of UN Special Rapporteurs, Fact Finding Missions, and the panels of legal experts assigned to follow-up on the investigations...

...it is a political process. Palestine has been recognised by around a hundred states, but it has not been recognised by the United States or the European states, and is not a full member of the United Nations. Could you briefly explain the main points of the Palestine Declaration to the ICC? The declaration on behalf of the Government of Palestine seeks to transfer jurisdiction over crimes in the Rome Statute - war crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide - on the territory of Palestine to the ICC. The key...

Notification to the United Nations (‘statement’), whereby it objected to enter into treaty relations with Palestine, on 16 May 2014. On 23 April 2018, Palestine submitted an inter-State communication under Article 11 ICERD against Israel claiming that Israeli practices in the OPT constituted a “system of discriminatory measures” violating Articles 2, 3 and 5 ICERD.  Israel primarily argued against CERD’s jurisdiction because its statement to Palestine’s accession to the ICERD entailed an objection to enter into treaty relations with Palestine all together and included ICERD’s enforcement mechanisms, namely inter-State communications....

on the International Criminal Court’s (ICC or the Court) territorial jurisdiction over the Occupied Palestinian Territory (OPT). The ruling unanimously found that “Palestine is a State Party to the Statute”. Moreover, it found by majority, Judge Kovács dissenting, that Palestine qualifies as “[t]he State on the territory of which the conduct in question occurred” for the purposes of Article 12(2)(a) of the Statute, and that the ICC’s territorial jurisdiction in the Situation in Palestine extends to the territories occupied by Israel since 1967 (see PTC Decision, p. 60). It is...

...ICJ’s finding may have a bearing on the use of vetoes in the Security Council (SC), none have yet explored what that finding could mean for the elephant in the room, the International Criminal Court (ICC). Before initiating proceedings against Israel at the ICJ on 29 December 2023, South Africa had, along with Bangladesh, Bolivia, Comoros, and Djibouti, referred the situation in the State of Palestine to the International Criminal Court (ICC) on 17 November 2023. Legally, this was unnecessary given that Palestine itself had already activated the ICC’s jurisdiction...

ICC Lacks Jurisdiction – and There’s No Easy Fix to Remedy This It was exceedingly difficult for International Criminal Court (ICC) States Parties to reach agreement on the definition of the crime of aggression. Ultimately, however, the real fight was over the scope of the ICC’s jurisdiction over the crime. The result is a unique regime that governs the ICC’s jurisdiction over the crime of aggression, which gives the Court jurisdiction in a narrower range of situations compared to other Rome Statute crimes – an outcome insisted upon by the...

of citizenship is contrary to international law if it renders any individual stateless. It is possible nonetheless, as shown, for example, by Burma/Myanmar’s treatment of Rohingya people. The idea is less controversial when applied to those with multiple nationalities who would retain at least one. Regardless, revocation of citizenship in any case would be a complicating factor for ICC jurisdiction. Art 25(1) of the Rome Statute gives the ICC jurisdiction over natural persons only. Art 12 sets out the preconditions for the ICC’s exercise of jurisdiction in relation to the...

among fans of international justice. Second: that the ICC blinked at the exercise of jurisdiction over nationals of a State (the U.S.) that is not party to the Rome Statute which establishes the ICC. That the ICC would claim the right to prosecute Americans was proclaimed an insult to U.S. sovereignty and the rule of law by Secretary of State Pompeo. He’s wrong. The Rome Statute establishes ICC jurisdiction not only over nationals of States that are party to the Rome Statute, but also persons who commit their ICC crimes...