Search: Symposium on the Functional Approach to the Law of Occupation

absent would plainly fly in the face of the facts. One must assume then that the implication that an Israel versus non-state actor(s) type conflict exists in parallel to the occupation as international armed conflict, is incorrect. My fear when reading this Report and reflecting on such an analysis, is that the Israeli and broader Western political jargon around hostile entities and unlawful combatants, rooted in the War on Terror narrative, has been unwittingly and inappropriately internalized into the analytical rationalizing of international criminal lawyers. Limitations on Territorial Jurisdiction An...

...Was there an Algerian-French conflict? There was a brutal French occupation in Algeria, which came to its end.  And there is no Palestinian-Israeli conflict.  There is a brutal Israeli occupation, which must come to its end one way or the other.  Gideon Levy In what way will the Israeli occupation come to an end and will international law play a part? This is a curious question, of course, since the International Court of Justice (ICJ) has already opined that Israel’s neverending occupation and its associated apartheid regime are both unlawful,...

this as the Phantom Menace. Jurisdictional anomalies crept in Cuba, Afghanistan, and Iraq for over a decade.  Third, military occupations and their intrinsic controversies continue. The Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts (RULAC) database charts multiple occupations worldwide. International Humanitarian Law applies to territories under occupation, a question raised when Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022. But legal expectations face the reality of military strength.  This past July, the International Court of Justice ruled against Israel, regarding its occupation of Palestinian Territory. The international community worries about the political justifications given...

Sea for the last 40 years, to the author, embracing the law of occupation seems to be the best option. Have All the Requirements Been Met? The law of occupation is one of the oldest and most established fields of international law. Its implementation concerning Palestinian territories or Western Sahara is illustrative in understanding its effectiveness against unlawful behaviours. For the determination as to whether a situation amounts to an occupation, international law offers the two-threshold test. Firstly, the new power obtains territory from a legitimate administrator via hostility. Secondly,...

attempts fail. I evaluate all attempts at international courts that I could identify that reached the multilateral treaty negotiation or treaty drafting stage. This amounted to four successful and seven failed attempts at establishing courts invested with general jurisdiction or relating to international criminal law, the law of the sea, and human rights. The dominant explanation for the creation of international courts focuses on the functional incentives of governments, such as the need to overcome collective action problems or to signal credibility. I argue that the functional explanation provides insufficient...

The assumption is reflected too in the five candidate linking principles – four of the five are drawn from jus in bello or jus ad bellum, and the one that is drawn from criminal law is not applied in a manner that would conform to the law enforcement model. Jens may correct me if I am wrong (he is the criminal lawyer, not I), but while complicity and conspiracy may be the linking principles employed for prosecution purposes within criminal law, they would never be the criteria used within the...

starting point for The New Terrain of International Law was the following question: If the ‘problem’ of international law is its lack of enforceability, then how does making the law enforceable affect the influence of international law? I cut into this very big question by focusing on a new set of institutions that were designed to address the enforceability gap in international law. The comments in this symposium push upon a number of choices I made as I then tried to make the project tractable. My first choice was to...

of modern international law from the perspective of the constructivist theory of international relations. His article applies the constructivist theory of international relations to argue that Nobel Peace Prize Laureates have been profoundly instrumental as norm entrepreneurs in the emergence, cascading, and internalization of international law norms. Professor Gregory Gordon of the University of North Dakota School of Law and Anne Kjelling, Head Librarian at the Norwegian Nobel Institute, will be the respondents. On Thursday, Professor Diane Ring of Boston College Law School will discuss her article, What’s at Stake...

[Natasa Mavronicola is a Professor of Human Rights Law at Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham; co-editor of Coercive Human Rights: Positive Duties to Mobilise the Criminal Law under the ECHR (Hart 2020); author of Torture, Inhumanity and Degradation under Article 3 of the ECHR: Absolute Rights and Absolute Wrongs (Hart 2021). Mattia Pinto is a lecturer at York Law School and Deputy Director of the Centre for Applied Human Rights, University of York. Forthcoming book: Human Rights as Sources of Penality (OUP).] ‘Justice demands that the accused be prosecuted,...

long invested in the development of international law in a manner that advances its strategy of dispossession, of occupation, and now of elimination. It does so not by inculcating a commitment toward compliance but toward juridical innovation that manufactures ambiguity. It treats international humanitarian law — specifically the concepts of proportionality, distinction, and military necessity — as blank canvases that it can paint with retrospective legal justification and interpretive nuance, engineering the very conditions that make non-compliance defensible. Israel appreciates international law precisely because the slowness of international legal process,...

and affected me personally.  The University of Southampton  In the summer of 2014, I recall seeing notice for a conference at the University of Southampton School of Law scheduled for April 2015. The conference was the brainchild of Oren Ben-Dor, an Israeli law professor based at Southampton University and was co-organised with George Bisharat, a Palestinian-American law professor based at the University of California Hastings College of the Law. (Coincidentally, George is also a contributor to this symposium). The call for papers was considered controversial at the time because it...

[Endalew Lijalem Enyew (PhD) is a researcher at the Norwegian Center for the Law of the Sea, Faculty of Law, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway.] On the 19th of June 2023 State delegates meeting at the UN adopted a global treaty on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) – also known as the BBNJ treaty – concluding the more-than-a-decade-long negotiations. The adoption of the BBNJ treaty is considered as a triumph for diplomacy, particularly at a time when multilateralism is under sustained...