General

[Mahmoud Abdelwahab is a Deputy Public Prosecutor in Egypt, Director of the Financial Crimes Division within the North Cairo Public Prosecution, and a certified trainer on the Council of Europe’s HELP platform] The current Iran-U.S.-Israel hostilities have again demonstrated that modern armed conflict unfolds on two tracks at once: the kinetic and the digital. In recent days, Reuters reported that cyber...

[Asuman Ece Yildiz is a PhD candidate at the University of Groningen] In today's world, conflicts frequently take the form of non-international armed conflicts involving a variety of non-state armed groups espousing ideologies. These groups often assert de facto control over territories for extended periods, spanning years and even decades. Such control necessitates the establishment of governance systems, bureaucracies, and, in...

[Thomas Obel Hansen is the Beatriz Galindo Distinguished Professor with the Department of International Law, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M), co-funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science. He is associated with the Francisco de Vitoria Institute of International and European Studies at UC3M and has a research affiliation with the Transitional Justice Institute, Ulster University.] Debate has emerged in some...

[Vanessa Murphy and Helen Obregón Gieseken are Legal Advisers at the Legal Division of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) in Geneva] At the 34th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent in October 2024, Nigeria and European Union Member States pledged, among other things, to consider acceding to the Convention on the Prohibition of Military Use of...

[Qerim Qerimi is a professor of international law and former rector at the University of Prishtina (Kosovo), and is currently a member of the Council of Europe’s Venice Commission. He served as a member and coordinator of Kosovo’s legal team in the advisory proceedings before the International Court of Justice on Kosovo’s Declaration of Independence. The views expressed here are...

[Dr Sergey Sayapin is Professor of Law at KIMEP University (Almaty, Kazakhstan) and Distinguished Visiting Global Scholar at the NUS Centre for International Law (2025)] Climate change has long been framed as a problem of the future – a looming catastrophe that international law was expected to prevent before it arrived. That framing is now increasingly untenable. Climate collapse is no...

[Kate McInnes and Elsa Wyllie practice international criminal law at Arendt Chambers] Bill 5776-2026, establishing a special tribunal for the perpetrators of the October 7 attacks on Israel (the “October 7 Court”), is rapidly advancing through the Knesset.  The legislation’s earliest iterations presented the October 7 Court as a hybrid tribunal in all but name. What was proposed was a special judicial...

[Berfin Deniz Çabuk (Atty.) is a Ph.D. Candidate in Public International Law and Space Law at Utrecht University and a Research Associate in the Planet Stewards Project at the Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University] Introduction Electronic warfare has become one of the most effective and least visible tools of shaping contemporary security dynamics in outer space. By employing radiofrequency energy to...

[Professor Luke Moffet is chair of human rights and international humanitarian law at Queen's University Belfast and author of Algorithms of War (BUP 2026). Alannah Travers is a PhD student at Queen’s University Belfast (QUB) School of Law in collaboration with the Ceasefire Centre for Civilian Rights, working on Algorithmic Warfare and Civilian Harm.] On the 3rd March 2026 it was reported...

[Coline Schupfer Galia is an international human rights lawyer. This article is part of a larger investigation by the Everywhere Border project, https://www.everywhereborder.org/] The second Trump administration has distorted the concept of “safe third country” beyond recognition, creating what amounts to a system of legal abandonment for some of the most vulnerable migrants. In January 2026, a small group of us...

[Victoria Capriles is a Venezuelan feminist attorney and academic. She is currently a visiting fellow at the T.M.C. Asser Institute, where her doctoral research examines the severe Venezuelan migratory and refugee crisis. Geraldine Chacón Villarroel is a Venezuelan attorney and public policy consultant. A former Amnesty International-designated prisoner of conscience, she has worked as a human rights consultant for organisations such as the...

[Victoria Capriles is a Venezuelan feminist attorney and academic. She is currently a visiting fellow at the T.M.C. Asser Institute, where her doctoral research examines the severe Venezuelan migratory and refugee crisis. Geraldine Chacón Villarroel is a Venezuelan attorney and public policy consultant. A former Amnesty International-designated prisoner of conscience, she has worked as a human rights consultant for organisations such...