Technology

[Liis Vihul is the Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Cyber Law International and an Ambassador of the NATO Cooperative Cyber Defence Centre of Excellence. She served as the Managing Editor of the “Tallinn Manual 2.0 on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Operations” and was a member of, and advised, the Estonian delegation at the United Nations Group of...

[Mahmoud Abdelwahab is a Deputy Public Prosecutor in Egypt, Director of the Financial Crimes Division within the North Cairo Public Prosecution, and a certified trainer on the Council of Europe’s HELP platform] The current Iran-U.S.-Israel hostilities have again demonstrated that modern armed conflict unfolds on two tracks at once: the kinetic and the digital. In recent days, Reuters reported that cyber...

[Jessica Dorsey is an Assistant Professor of International Law at Utrecht University School of Law; Elke Schwarz is a Professor of Political Theory at Queen Mary University London; Ingvild Bode is a Professor of International Relations, University of Southern Denmark; Zena Assaad is an Associate Professor at the School of Engineering, Australian National University; and Neil Renic is a Lecturer...

[Jessica Dorsey is an Assistant Professor of International Law at Utrecht University School of Law; Elke Schwarz is a Professor of Political Theory at Queen Mary University London; Ingvild Bode is a Professor of International Relations, University of Southern Denmark; Zena Assaad is an Associate Professor at the School of Engineering, Australian National University; and Neil Renic is a Lecturer...

[Carl Emilio Lewis and Jonathan Kwik are researchers in international law at the TMC Asser Institute] The authors thank Flora Bensadon for her research assistance and support leading up to the publication of this post. The ‘application of neurotechnology raises [various] ethical, legal and societal issues and questions related to human dignity and human rights’, as UNESCO’s recent Recommendation on the Ethics of Neurotechnology...

[Alexa Koenig, PhD, MA, JD, is a research professor at UC Berkeley School of Law, faculty director of UC Berkeley’s Human Rights Center, and director and co-founder of the center’s Investigations Lab. Brianne McGonigle Leyh, PhD, MA, JD, is professor of global justice studies at Utrecht University’s School of Law, director of masters education at the School of Law, and project...

[Sabrina Rewald is a lawyer and independent legal consultant specialising in criminal justice, human rights, and technology, and a co-founder of Fénix Foundation. Basile Simon is the director of the law program at the Starling Lab for Data Integrity, and a fellow at Stanford University. Emma Irving is an independent legal consultant specialising in standards for digital evidence, and a co-founder of...

[Dr Sabina Garahan is a lecturer in criminal law and human rights at the University of Essex Law School and Director of the Essex Human Rights Centre Clinic. Dr Sarah Zarmsky is a lecturer at Queen’s University Belfast School of Law with a research focus on international criminal law, human rights, and new and emerging technologies.] Introduction Detention is often associated with the perpetration...

[Madeeha Majid is a legal consultant with OpenNyAI – Agami and an international lawyer based in Srinagar, Kashmir] On 19 July 2024, Judge Dire Tladi, in his powerful declaration to the Advisory Opinion on Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, emphasized that Israel’s policies and practices reveal ‘a clear intent to dominate the Palestinian...

[Julia Emtseva is assistant professor of law at HEC Paris] I had never considered myself a law and technology person. Likewise, I never imagined that open-source investigations (OSINT) would touch me directly, beyond distant and abstract conflicts where technology was used to trace evidence of international crimes. That changed in September 2022, when my country, Kyrgyzstan, stood on the brink of full-scale armed conflict with its...

[Pedro R. Borges de Carvalho is a PhD candidate at KU Leuven, Institute for International Law and a research fellow at ATHENE – German National Research Center for Applied Cybersecurity] Mass atrocities often leave scars on the Earth’s surface that forensic methodologies can decrypt given the right technological capabilities. High-resolution satellite imagery analysis is one such method, and it is fundamental for both forensics...