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[Francisco Javier Rozas Porras is a Spanish lawyer and PhD researcher in international law of the sea at the DEHUKAM Institute / Ankara University. He holds an LL.M. in Maritime Law from ICADE University in Madrid, Spain.] Introduction In 2026, Spain’s migration policy features a striking paradox. The Government has launched one of the most ambitious regularization processes in Europe on land,...

[Lara Manbeck is an Associate Legal Officer at the International Court of Justice. She holds a JD from Columbia Law School, an MPhil from the University of Cambridge, and a BA from New York University. Abhijeet Shrivastava is a public international lawyer and holds an LLM from the University of Cambridge and a BA, LLB (Hons) from OP Jindal Global University.] Introduction The...

[Mark A. Drumbl is Class of 1975 Alumni Professor of Law and Director of Transnational Law Institute, Washington and Lee University. Kirsten J. Fisher is an Associate Professor with the Department of Political Studies, University of Saskatchewan.] These five commentaries are so much more than interlocutions or interventions. Indeed, they feel like expansions of the community of the book itself, as if...

[Saheli Chakraborty is an Assistant Professor at The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences, India.] Mark Drumbl and Kirsten Fisher's Reframing Transitional Justice bears a striking resemblance to the animating image from Salvador Dalí's The Persistence of Memory, a work that distorts the visible surface, warping the underlying reality without fully obscuring it. This is an apt representation of the...

[María Estrada-Fuentes is a lecturer in socially engaged performance at The Royal Central School of Speech and Drama, University of London. Her forthcoming monograph is titled Applied Theatre Colombia: Embodying Transitional Justice (Methuen Drama, 2027).] In his Theses on the Philosophy of History, Walter Benjamin engages in a series of reflections around the past and ideas of the past. Throughout various...

[Julia Emtseva is an Assistant Professor of Law at HEC Paris and co-founder and convener of the ESIL Interest Group on Critical Approaches to International Law.] A quiet pattern runs through the third part of Reframing Transitional Justice – Refractions: Gender, Race, Authoritarianism – that I had the honor to comment on, where the authors ask how transitional justice (TJ) refracts...

[Ligeia Quackelbeen is an Assistant Professor of (European and international) criminal law at Tilburg University and Principal Investigator of the project, Conversations with Judges (2023-2028).] This summer, when I was invited to author a commentary on the provocative volume Reframing Transitional Justice, edited by Mark A. Drumbl and Kirsten J. Fisher, I found myself immersed in another book. Such are often the...

[Mark A. Drumbl is Class of 1975 Alumni Professor of Law and Director of the Transnational Law Institute, Washington and Lee University. Kirsten J. Fisher is an Associate Professor with the Department of Political Studies, University of Saskatchewan.] We are delighted that Opinio Juris is hosting a symposium on our edited collection Reframing Transitional Justice: Innovations, Boundaries, and Refractions (Routledge, 2026). We...

[Dr Ekaterina Antsygina is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellow at the Norwegian Centre for the Law of the Sea at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, working on the deep-sea mining on the Norwegian continental shelf.] As discussed in Part I, the provisions on common management through the ISA constitutes a foundational element of the legal regime governing the Area. Disregarding...

[Dr Ekaterina Antsygina is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Postdoctoral Fellow at the Norwegian Centre for the Law of the Sea at UiT The Arctic University of Norway, working on the deep-sea mining on the Norwegian continental shelf.] In 2025, the U.S. President Donal Trump issued an Executive Order promoting unilateral licensing for deep-sea mining not only on the U.S. continental shelf but...